The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students

The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay Many people viewed businessmen of the nineteenth century as robber barons. They believed that these businessmen were so emerged into giant corporations and were so dedicated in striving for monopolistic power that their only pursuit was wealth and power in lieu of accomplishments. This entry counterbalances the idea of robber barons. John Chamberlain emphasizes the creative accomplishments of these business leaders. He explains the effects they had on the American public, while also realizing the shameful aspects of their actions. In the following essay, I will summarize Chamberlains views on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their achievements and their pursuit to deal with the American economy. The period after the Civil War resulted in a significant growth in the industrialization of the American economy. Many new faces started to emerge out into industrial enterprises. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. People believed that he was a man that used trickery to control properties that he wanted. When involved with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was determined to have physical and economical improvements for the company. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He began his career from his love of steamboats, but as the steamboats era came to an end Vanderbilt became involved with railroads. With his profit made from steamboats and oversea affairs, he purchased shares of the Harlem Railroad. This would later help him gain stock control of Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These first steps lead him to much fame in the economical world. He relayed the Centrals tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and stronger steel bridges. He produced a more efficient type of locomotive and the traveling time was drastically shortened. Vanderbilt helped link the east and west worlds of America together. Vanderbilt may have watered the Centrals stock. But as fast as he watered it he solidified it and the worst that can be said about his is that he was a shrewd capitalizer of future earnings.(59) Chamberlain next examined John D. Rockefeller and his Standard Oil Company, the nations first big trust. Standard Oil Co. offended the nations traditional competitive ethics. People were used to small regional businesses and could not comprehend Rockefellers determination for his company to become absolutely perfect. He became involved with a small refinery run by Samuel Andrews, this first partnership lead to new partners. His company increased its profits by making its own barrels in its own cooperage plants, shipping its products in large quantities and plowed most of its profit back into the business. As time went by, Rockefellers company absorbed all but five out of a total of some 25 local refineries. Many could not resist Rockefellers decision of seizing their refinery. We will take you burdens, we will utilize your ability, we will give you representations; we will all unite together and build a substantial structure on the basis of co-operation. (63) As time passed, people began to reject Rockefellers pursuits of buying their refineries. Western Pennsylvania oil refineries banned together and several joined the Acme Oil Co., which was a rival of the Standard Oil Co. The Southern Improvement Co. was a device said to be invoked by Rockefeller. One of its purposes was to exact rebates running up to 50% of the carrying charges on all of its oil transported by the Pennsylvania, Erie, and the New York Central. Most manufacturers considered it to be quite legitimate to get discounts for bulk shipments and for a guarantee of a steady flow of business. A controversy over this issue began and the news spread. Railroads quickly respond to the problem and said that all future oil shipments would be based on equality for everyone. Rockefeller used the Southern Improvement contract to draw in Cleveland refineries into his corporation. He was able to stabilize the oil market by exterminating competition. .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .postImageUrl , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:visited , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:active { border:0!important; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:active , .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua759b9b58d620ca0d8d3f1d4dacc9d4e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henry David Thoreau (2353 words) Essay From a monopoly angel, people have said that Rockefeller brought the industrial age of America to an incredible height. Two points have resulted from this point of view: 1st he was probably the most able competitor of the 19th century and 2nd the Standard Oil Co. was able to keep competition from returning as the 20th century approached. In 1892, the Supreme Court . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay A successful economy is perhaps the most key ingredient leading to a successful nation. An economy is a delicate balance of many different conflicting and coexisting elements. Naturally, an economys success can often be measured by the amount of wealth is contains, not to mention the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of its distribution of the wealth. Effective distribution of wealth is no easy feat. Wealthy and poor people will always need to coexist- this is an inescapable truth. The governments job in many cases becomes that of a referee. Naturally, perfect peace and harmony between to totally different classes would be a utopia, and probably will never be completely achieved. A government must, therefore, regulate economy so that one class does not overrun the other. The real struggle is over a vastly more important issue: who owes what to whom. This most hoary and basic of all social debates usually afforded reverence and inattention of great art: People know its there and mostly they ignore it(Wines238). Society will constantly debate this issue. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By very definition, however, there will also always be a wide spectrum of opinions because of social status. Naturally, the poor will always feel cheated because they feel as if opportunity never has and never will pass them by. The rich, conversely, will always feel as if they are doing society a great favor simply by having their wealth. Poor versus rich debates will never go away no matter how much change is done to government and society. The just deserts theory of poverty is one that best describes American society. For many, the logic of the mobility ideology led to a just deserts rationalization. The matter was simple, according to a local editor: We declare it a vice and a sin for a man to be poor, if he can help it. And the typical poor man in America could help it(Thernstrom33). More often than not poverty can be helped. Perhaps poverty is what is deserved for laziness in American society. America can not alleviate the defective state of society. Other nations inevitably encounter many of the very same problems and deal with them differently, establishing a wide range of economic systems. Some take on a traditional economy in which one assumes the same job as his or her parents. This system allows very little mobility and is not seen very much worldwide. Other nations chose a command economy. This entails the federal government appointing individuals with occupations and allows them to become skilled at their respective craft. The market model of economy, developed by Adam Smith entails a freely flowing economy that places little or not restriction on occupation allowing individuals utmost rights. America took on an ethos of a mixed economy of market and command that struck a successful economic equilibrium. American economy also changes with different periods of history. The Civil War had lit the spark of industrialization needed to enhance the American economy. Technology advanced by leaps and bounds and free labor was done away with to make room for Industrialization and Adam Smiths market model of capitalism. Capitalism was a promoter of the entrepreneur and individual success. It was only natural that during this time of private interest the gap between rich and poor would be greatly widened and a state of disorder might arise. Capitalism was a new ideology and drastic labor problems and social disorder arose because Americans were simply adjusting to (and taking advantage of) the new system. Although the gap between rich and poor during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was unquestionably large, the nation was also prospering through large economic gains. Although it may have seemed like a nation in which the rich were detached from the poor, the US was actually harvesting a new breed of self-accomplishing individuals. With the end of free labor, the US had sought a new ideology, and found it in Adam Smiths market model. The market model was a beneficial system overall, however, many focused not on the gains that it brought but instead on the condition of the poor. The market model was indeed a gain of the time period and was met by the pursue of individual . The Gilded Age Essay Example For Students The Gilded Age Essay When you are young and even well into your adult years people will tell you there will always be somebody who is smarter, faster, happier, or better at something than you are. This is true for all periods of time but in The Gilded Age Essay those who were better gained more and more crushing the people below them with unprecedented greed, corruption, and power. The few exploited the many by way of opportunity. Something our nation was built on, yet the avaricious elite used it for evil methods. In the years that followed Reconstruction many issues came up including whether laissez-faire was the correct system to follow. We will write a custom essay on The Gilded Age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Because of problems like that remained unsettled for some time industrial leaders began to pop up and create overpowering monopolies. Just like what Walmart is considered today. Monopolies could lower prices to a degree at which smaller businesses could not compete. This would allow them to buy out a smaller company and lower competition. In todays world we value competition because we know it is what makes prices lower. It is what allows smaller businesses to get into the market and provide new knowledge to the same concepts. It is what allows new companies to gain momentum and have the means to develop new methods. In the gilded age freedom was valued over equality. Those who could rise would rise, crushing those they surpassed. During the Gilded Age, many industrialists were considered robber barons. They were in fact, because of the monopolies they created, the large amounts they ;stole; from the American people, and their selfish attitudes. A few of these industrialists were Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. . It was this morality and their personal business strategies that have lead historian to classify these three men as either robber barons or captains of industry. These men established large monopolies and bought out all other little businesses. This made it impossible for competition of any kind. Perhaps the most famous of these men and most definitely the richest of them is John D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller joined with smaller companies through trust agreements and mergers. Many people consider Rockefeller a tyrant who suppressed many because of his forcible ways of gaining his monopolies. Rockefeller was fond of buying out small and large competitors. If the competitors refused to sell they often found Rockefeller cutting the prices of his Standard Oil or in the worst cases, their factories mysteriously blowing up. Rockefeller was obsessed with controlling the oil market and used many of undesirable tactics to flush his competitors out of the market. Rockefeller was also a master of the rebate game. He was one of the most dominant controllers of the railroads. He was so good at the rebate that at some times he skillfully commanded the railroad to pay rebates to his standard oil company on the traffic of other competitors. He was able to do this because his oil traffic was so high that he could make or break a section of a railroad a railroad company by simply not running his oil on their lines. Another one of Rockefellers earlier mentioned but not explained tactics was his horizontally integrated monopoly. Rockefeller used this horizontal monopoly to set prices and force his competitors to merge with him. (All with Doc. J) Document J shows that Rockefeller had his tentacles, or his influence and power around every piece of the oil industry. That, also, includes the politicians and their support. Rockefeller was an intelligent man who sought for better means in order to increase productivity. .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .postImageUrl , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:visited , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:active { border:0!important; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:active , .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974 .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0dc216e20b2cb05a4bc5133b52604974:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Early Colonies Essay He used the opportunities of the time to take advantage of a free system. One of his best characteristics was that he lowered the cost of oil across the word by his largest scale production. To see that his oil was top quality at minimum cost he also hired specialist managers, this was a revolutionary concept at the time. Rockefellers most remembered and quite possibly best feature was his fanatical relationship with efficiency. Some of the industrialists tried to justify their monopolies by saying it helped the poor. This is just like the Iron Law of wages in the sense that the industrialists were trying to .

Diversity of the world’s population The WritePass Journal

Diversity of the world’s population Introduction Diversity of the world’s population IntroductionTranscultural NursingThe Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine LeiningerThe Sunrise EnablerThe Ethno-nursing MethodHolistic Nursing PracticeThe Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence NightingaleTranscultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing PracticeConclusionRelated Introduction Diversity of the world’s population has reached a point where it is vital to address and more importantly to understand, the ever growing challenge that transcultural nursing poses to the nursing profession. Addressing this issue avoids discrimination and promotes equality within holistic nursing practice in order to meet patients’ needs. Health care professionals should be qualified to deliver, on a daily basis, proficient care and sensitive skilled communication to culturally different individuals (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). To exercise professional nursing in a conceptual way holistic nursing care focuses on physical, emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects as well as on the idea that any individual involved in treatment care should be treated as a whole and with dignity (Dossey Guzzetta, 2005). One of the areas to be discussed is Transcultural Nursing and Leininger’s Transcultural Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and its research enablers: the Sunrise Enabler and the Ethnonursing Method. Another area will be Holistic Nursing Practice and Nightingale’s Nursing Theory of Environmental Adaptation as well as the liaison between Transcultural Nursing and Holistic Nursing Practice. Nightingale’s theory has been chosen over others because she was the first to acknowledge nurses’ work in a theoretical framework and also because she was considered to be the mother of nursing practices (Ellis, 2008). The development of culture care theory introduced health care professionals into a new nursing dimension formed by issues such as culture background, spirituality, environment and others that demonstrated how culture and health care are linked (Leininger, 2002a). Holistic Nursing Practice encourages active communication and reciprocal understanding, underlines the exercise of physiological and psychosocial awareness, it is based on logical thinking and supports values such as autonomy and patient wishes and tendencies (MacKinnon, 2010). Transcultural Nursing Transcultural nursing may be defined as a method to contrast and observe how individuals view health care, biased by their culture background. The principles of practising transcultural nursing are to provide complete nursing care to individuals or groups by treating them with respect and taking into account their cultural factors. It is all about nursing practice applied to cultural values and limitations (Leininger, 1991). Definitions of transcultural nursing incorporate many factors that shape the individual’s cultural orientation. These include are age, sexual orientation and financial aspects. It has been suggested that by ignoring these culture background factors, health care professionals do not achieve enough cultural experience to be incorporated in holistic nursing practice (Barnes et al. 2000). This absence might lead to unsafe nursing care and both dissatisfied patients and professionals (Curren, 2006 cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp.159-160). To promote transcultural nursing care, Narayan (2001) felt that there are four crucial attitudes to assume caring, empathy, openness and flexibility. This shows the patients a cultural understanding, appreciation, consideration and willingness from health care professionals that are based on individual care. Cultural education and the creation of culturally competent care professionals are one of the biggest challenges yet to tackle worldwide. For instance, in America, as the migrant population increases notably so it does the need for reducing inequalities and barriers such as language. Maier-Lorentz (2008) firmly understood that such a need could be met by the targeting of bilingual health care professionals coming from different backgrounds. Moreover, she suggested that in order to provide culturally competent nursing care, some knowledge of non-vocal communication signs could be of great value, as it is in eye contact, touch, silence, space and distance, and health care habits. Green-Hernandez (2004) recommended that as a step towards multicultural competency, professionals that need to deal with farmers should familiarize themselves with their specific customs such as using animal medication for their own conditions as a consequence of living far away from the care institutions. With the purpose of understanding culture, Andrews Boyle (1997) gave out diverse illustrations. For example, they suggested that by understanding a people’s proverbs, professionals may grasp knowledge of the cultural values shared by that population. The authors also stressed the importance of culture knowledge when coming across two different ways to view stealing. For one culture it may not be acceptable whereas for another one, e.g. gipsy people, it may be ok, as long as it is coming from a better-off person. Furthermore, they also found, through researchers, that different cultures may think that by being a demanding patient, the treatment they receive may improve. Riley (2004) reported that a foremost test for nurses in an ethnically different society is communication. Not just words but also tone and volume form spoken communication which in diverse cultures differs greatly. For example, Thai people are regarded as not talking too much as they believe it is a sign of idiocy whereas Cuban people are happy with talking vociferously. He also pointed out that Europeans are not afraid of talking about emotions whereas Asians are hesitant to do so. With regards to communication without words Riley (2004) explained that eye contact is not always expected. For instances, in Native America and Asian cultures it is offensive and among Muslim Arab women it is allowed only to their husbands. Therefore, he identified the importance for healthcare professionals to be culturally aware. Phillimore (2011) explored the challenge of provision of diversity needs in the UK based on studies done on health care service provision to new migrants, during 2007/08 in Birmingham. She stated that with political forces wanting to reduce welfare support for new migrants, such provision becomes quite a challenge. She also believed that, in the long run, this disregarding of health care needs will lead to further issues for the health care system that otherwise could be avoided by just providing what is needed now: cultural and language services and health support. It was also suggested that in today’s political climate offering of ethnically specific provision by the community and for the community, results in the local needs not being met, as the existing GP systems are already overstretched. She concluded that a number of migrants are condemned to an unwelcoming future since UK seems to embrace a tendency of anti-migrant sentiment and a move to community institution instead of multicultural provision (Phillimore, 2011). The Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory by Madeleine Leininger In the 1950’s Madeleine Leininger, a nurse-anthropologist, realised that nursing practice was requiring a theory to allow people to transform nursing into a more advanced and beneficial discipline that challenges nurses to open up to cultural variety and universality (Leininger, 2006). This was developed as a response to the demand for multicultural care which was immense and yet incomplete as many healthcare systems did not consider the need for bringing together culture and nursing care (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). The culture care diversity and universality theory developed by Leininger in 1991 (Leininger, 2002a) is unique in that it focuses on competent care, can be used upon any culture and is based not only on individuals but groups and families too. The theory addresses the importance of a consistent cultural competence instrument to acquire cultural awareness through a constant learning attitude and approval towards human differences and rights by health care professionals (Burford, 2001, cited in Baxter, 2001, pp. 202-203). Leininger (2002a) insisted on the importance of transcultural knowledge as a tool to avoid human acts such as the event of September 11, 2001. She then proposed the culture care theory as the most holistic approach to gradually transform the health system. This much needed transformation requires understanding of individuals in ways that identify and respect their cultural background and will lead us to understand such transcultural dismay. The theory was used in a study among Hispanic home care patients in the US, 2007, in order to identify cultural needs. As a result, care delivery improved in some areas and there was a suggestion describing the use of the model as a tool to reduce costs in the health care system (Woerner et al. 2009). Leininger’s theory applies not only to races from different backgrounds but also to today’s controversial groups such as transgendered people, disabled people , the youth, poverty and the homeless that may pose a certain degree of difficulty of understanding to healthcare professionals. There is also an agreement that, thanks to Leininger’s culture care theory, the nursing profession today knows how to allow for culture when looking after individuals and has a widely spread   caring philosophy in hospitals (Clarke et al. 2009). For this model to assist the health care professional to understand factors as important as management and policies, as well as being able to reflect on their decisions and actions, Leininger designed two tool assessments, The Sunrise Enabler and the Ethno Nursing research method, which are based on monitoring treatment care on a daily basis (Hubbert, 2006, cited in Leininger McFarland, 2006, pp. 354-356). The sunrise enabler focuses mainly on total life ways and caring factors influencing health and well-being, disabilities and death. It also identifies features influenced by the patient’s cultural background whereas ethnonursing finds ways in which multicultural care could be better. In doing so, the reflected culture becomes part of the holistic nursing practice (Leininger, 2006). The Sunrise Enabler The Sunrise Enabler is used as an assessment tool to enable multidisciplinary teams to deliver suitable and competent cultural assessments that impede intolerance and stereotype behaviour. This is to supply the healthcare system with a guide to cultural vicinities ranging from religious beliefs to economic factors (Giger Davidhizar, 2008). Wherever a healthcare professional starts the model either from the top or from the bottom, the most important feature is to listen to the individuals, trying to grasp ideas and concepts rather than enforcing them (Leininger, 2002a). Healthcare professionals struggled to understand the meaning of factors influencing the care practice so crucial when applying the culture care theory. Such factors as culture beliefs, environment and religion were to be included in the nursing care, therefore Leininger (1997) built the Sunrise Enabler to illustrate such aspects. The Ethno-nursing Method This method was developed to fit the purposes of qualitative research methods. It is a systematic method for studying multiple cultures and care factors within a familiar environment of people and to focus on the interrelationships of care and culture to arrive at the goal of culturally congruent care. Ethnonursing is a particular research method developed by Leininger to inspect the theory. It was developed to allow health care professionals to discover new ways of helping different cultural groups distinguish features of nursing care (Leininger, 2006). Leininger (2006, p.6) stated that the ethnonursing method â€Å"†¦was new and unknown in nursing and was different from other qualitative methods including ethnography†. Holistic Nursing Practice The exercise of modern nursing is based on the view of holism that underlines the individual’s wholeness. Healing viewed as an indication of nursing practice that treats people as whole, developed in the late 20th and early 21st century into a popular subject in nursing in order to clarify the meaning of wholeness and holism. As a result, alternative therapies surfaced as approaches of practice in holistic nursing (Locsin, 2002). The definition of holistic came into effect in the 20th century. Then the word holism included the physical, emotional, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual view. This view of holism was envisioned by Florence Nightingale who is seen today as an example to follow, although many of her studies are not used in today’s nursing practice (Beck, 2010). â€Å"Holistic nursing care embraces the mind, body and spirit of the patient, in a culture that supports a therapeutic nurse/patient relationship, resulting in wholeness, harmony and healing. Holistic care is patient led and patient focused in order to provide individualised care, thereby, caring for the patient as a whole person rather than in fragmented parts† (McEvoy Duffy, 2008, Vol.8, p. 418). Furthermore, it addressed the expansion of multidisciplinary and collaborative teams as a way to applying holistic care into practice and asserted that the practice of holistic care by health professionals should avoid intrusion and, when really needed, as it is the case of unconscious patients, should use skills that include aspects such as consideration, disciplined criticism and liability in order to exercise nursing in a holistic approach (McEvoy Duffy, 2008). Since individuals from different culture backgrounds may appreciate holistic nursing practice and care choices in different ways so is the healthcare provided in different ways (Locsin, 2001). It may also be the case that some individuals may feel embarrassed to mention alternative remedies used in the past, therefore the assessment should be supportive rather than disapproving (Maddalena, 2009). Pearcey (2007) ran a study on clinical practices amongst student nurses to draw on a few key points related to holistic nursing practice. It was found that the notion of holistic care was not clear within nursing practice. Some students claimed not to know the right meaning of holistic nursing practice and also claimed that tasks and routines are what nursing is all about. The study showed an evident lack of professionalism and knowledge amongst care professionals as well as a huge gap between what is taught and what is really applied at work. The author concluded that there is a real risk of inconsistency within the profession. Within the practice of holistic care there has been lately a huge influence of alternative or complementary medicine which care experts have tried to professionalise by setting certain values to be met. A study amongst nurses and midwives accomplished in England, 2008, revealed this but also the lack of initiative from the NHS to incorporate such practices, even though it was demonstrated that a huge variety of them were successfully applied on patients where biomedicine seemed not to work. Such practices included reflexology, aromatherapy, acupuncture and massage that actually underlined biomedicine rather than substituted (Cant et al. 2011). Whilst carrying out an interview on medical students in the UK, a student suggested that it is actually a catch-22-situation when looking after patients from diverse races as they have diverse predominance of whatever conditions that eventually will require different treatment, a world apart from what is being taught in medical schools with regards to treating everyone in the same way (Roberts et al. 2008). A quick look to Harrison (2008) for a concluding comment on multicultural nursing in relation to holistic care, offers us this brief view: a Western health care organism that has not managed to treat minority communities in a holistic manner is a system that claims to care for one and all identically. The Theory of Environmental Adaptation by Florence Nightingale According to Nightingale’s Theory of Environmental Adaptation, an individual’s health is improved by looking after the surrounding environment. It goes further than this and asks for the environment to be operated by the health care professionals as an approach to healing (Howett et al.   2010). Florence Nightingale defined nursing as â€Å"†¦the act of utilising the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery† (Funnell et al. 2009). She determined that the deficiency of factors such as uncontaminated air, clean water, sanitation, hygiene and sunlight is unhealthy to the human being. Furthermore, she reasoned that temperature, environment and nutrition affect the patient (Kozier, et al. 2008). This theory of nursing includes inspection, recognition of environment changes and their execution and supporting the patient health care by allowing the environment to benefit the patient (Neils, 2010). Selanders (2010) reviewed and compared this theory’s aspects with modern day practice and reported that Nightingale’s concept, such as air, light, noise and cleanliness is equal to today’s concept of physical environment; health recommendations to psychological environment; food to nutritional status and observation to nursing management. The author also estimated that the theory has been used in several qualitative works and some studies on the childbirth process. Transcultural Nursing vs. Holistic Nursing Practice According to Leininger (2002b) patients are not provided full holistic care by health professionals. Factors such as kinship, religion, environment and culture are largely missing. For that reason, care professionals should avoid being judgmental when delivering holistic care and rather provide an all-inclusive care that respects the individual’s cultural background (Maddalena, 2009). As a student nurse, it is vital to value the development of cultural awareness and competency within the profession in order to encourage and address all stages of holistic nursing practice as it is meaningful to today’s multicultural society. Leininger (1997) also claimed that essential practice is needed to create a regulation of multicultural nursing that could be of use to much ignored cultures. For example, acute medical treatment, medication, and patient fulfilment can be improved by understanding care beliefs when bringing in nursing care which, in turn, could save the health care system financially and also have a desired positive outcome on patients (Woerner et al. 2009). Individuals or groups may clash with health professionals if they are not showing respect for each other’s cultural beliefs resulting in poor treatment and patients losing hope in the health care system. Hogg (2010a) also underpinned this understanding as crucial to delivering accurate holistic nursing practice. However, not only patients may lose faith in the system. Hogg (2010b) also affirmed that nurses from black and minority ethnic have suffered, at some point, racial harassment as well as lack of opportunities according to their numbers in the nursing profession. As holistic nursing practice centres on recognition of patients’ rights and choices (Potter, 2005 cited in Dossey et al. 2005, p.347), it is subsequently supporting the meaning behind multicultural care. The association of both precepts confirms an ongoing engagement to pursue equality and diversity as promoted by the Nursing Midwifery Council (2008). â€Å"Inherent in nursing is respect for human rights, including cultural rights, the right to life and choice, to dignity and to be treated with respect. Nursing care is respectful of and unrestricted by considerations of age, colour, creed, culture, disability or illness, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, politics, race or social status† (The International Council for Nurses, 2005). When assessing, planning, implementing and evaluating a patient’s needs as to medication, health professionals should take into account culture’s physiologic traits, as it can seriously impact the treatment. For instances, due to genetics, for one patient a normal given dose may develop a reaction whereas for another it may not work at all (Anon, 2005). Conclusion It is obvious that cultural competency is a must when performing holistic nursing practice, in order to deliver a responsive and high quality care system. It is therefore recommended that specific cultural training should be given to all health care professionals so as to not overlook the great multi-cultural society we all are in. As society becomes more diverse, health care professionals should expand guiding principles that sponsor cultural skills as a way to deliver enhanced holistic healthcare. By carrying out this essay, the author realises the significance of treating people in a holistic way and not making assumptions just because they are from different cultures. This is something that seems yet not to be well implemented in my workplace (NHS since 2007). The author will, from now on, be more aware of his practice when caring for individuals from different culture backgrounds. It can be considered that nursing as a profession is also an example of human culture so indispensable for a in peak condition community, as seen looking through the theories of nursing and its tools presented in this paper, which if not recognized may affect the execution of holistic practice and its results, i.e. it is a profession whose culture needs to be elastic if it is to  fulfill  its function.

IT Projet Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IT Projet Management - Essay Example Company’s website contains all information, contact information, profile, careers and other related information for customer’s ease. Some companies display testimonials from customers on their website so that a new consumer can have an idea about their authenticity. Showing companies worth on websites help in attracting customers and bringing new business opportunities. Information technology has changed a business processes, it has given a new edge to companies sale and their income. E-commerce website are playing a vital role in bringing new opportunities in businesses. Business processes have achieved a new form and giving extra advantages to their consumers. Companies can sell their services and products online which helps in boosting their sales and customer can order their required product from home, office or workplace without going out. Company gets additional amount and the customer gets his desired product at home within few business hours. E-commerce websites are the best solution to sell services and products for the betterment of business in shortest time span. All company needs is a strong marketing of their website, a strong promotion of their websites through legal ways. Developing an IT project is not an easy task, it involves a lot of issues both technical and non-technical. It seems a few clicks story but behind the scene, picture is totally different. It involves lots of technicalities, issues and other facts that need to be solved for delivering a bug free online solution. As an IT manager, it’s really hard to manage all things over one platform while being on triple constraint i.e time, cost and quality. Three constraints are really hard to meet that’s the only reason IT projects get failed. As, things are getting better and information technology industry is frequently discovering new edges, projects are started being delivered on time, within budget while maintaining quality. Most of the IT solution providers offer 6 months free maintainance to their customers. These days, companies are preferring having e-commerce solution for their business, the only reason of this change is the growth in IT industry. IT industry applying new technologies, new techniques and has started delivering project on time and within budget. No doubt, still there is a vast room for improvement but industry has grown a lot. When a project starts, the main responsibility is of IT Project manager, he has to deal with all staff, both technical and non- technical, client and the management. He has to satisfy all stakeholders by all means till the project ends. Being an IT project manager it’s really hard to follow all three constraints i.e. time, cost and quality. Triple Constraint Project management is the field of securing, utilizing, and managing resources in order to obtain the successful and on time achievement of specific project objectives and goals. Sometime, it is blended with program management never theless technically that is basically a level up construction: a radical of linked and up to some extent connected engineering projects. Project Management is the discipline of managing resources such as scope, time and cost to achieve a desired result. Three constraints are also known as triple constraint. Triple Constraint

Solving Eurozone Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Solving Eurozone Financial Crisis - Essay Example For Buruma to suggest a political solution is a wild unrealistic dream since European region is synonymous with self-centered political and democratic interests. Indeed, a flashback on causes of World War 1 and World War 2 had the strong political correlation that has since then made states more cautious on interstate politics and democracy issues. Zakaria, on the other hand, suggests a workable financial solution to Greek’s financial nightmare. Bailouts and financial restructuring have not worked so far largely because they have not provided favorable economic growth for Greece. Greece and Italy crisis is not just a problem of respective countries but a financially cancerous disease for entire Europe. Europe can only resuscitate Greece’s economy by enabling Greece to attract capital and investments whilst keeping wage bill within manageable limits. The moment Greece starts recording positive economic growth, recovery will be guaranteed. This approach is highly likely t o succeed since it does not require dramatic political and democratic restructuring of entire Europe zone. In simple terms, it is better to show Greece â€Å"how to fish† instead of â€Å"lending them a fish† every time they are hungry.

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Rise of Qin in China - Essay Example When the Zhou (Chou) dynasty was established in about the eleventh century B.C., its feudal system consisted of some 172 states under the nominal central authority of a single king, the Son of Heaven. As time went by, probably due to the unwieldy size of the kingdom and primitive form of communication technology, the various states became increasingly independent of the political center. With the gradual decline of the authority of the king, conflicts erupted among the various states with growing intensity (Davidson 465). Since the eighth century B.C. it became more common for stronger states to conquer and annex smaller and weaker states. Then the political order gradually deteriorated into a condition of "international" anarchy, a war of all states against all states. By the end of the Spring and Autumn period there were only some twenty-two states left. During the subsequent Warring States period, incessant wars and annexations were conducted among the remaining states until the u nification of China under the domination of the sole surviving Qin state in 221 B.C. (Hulsewe and Loewe 34). Before arrival of the Qin, the royal Zhou domain never exceeded a thin strip of land bordering the capital. The domains of the great revonal powers, however, grew steadily at the expense of weaker states. As these regional powers became stronger economically and politically, they spread the ancient culture of the Zhou over an ever wider territory. Modeling their states on the royal Zhou court and their rituals on the royal Zhou rites, they came to dominate much of the North, Northwest, Middle Yangzi, and Lower Yangzi macroregions by the fifth century BCE. This expanded area became the crucible in which a common culture was alloyed. Following Gungwu (1993): 'The common view about imperial China says that there have been dozens of dynasties since the fall of Qin in 206 B.C. Most of them were overthrown by violence, but continuity was greater than change under each new ruling house" (71). Gradually the strong states forged the apparatus that would be necessary for imperial unification under the Qin during the third century BCE. The lords who ruled the territories of eighthcentury BCE China were members of a hereditary aristocracy, the scions of branches of the royal Zhou lineage (Hulsewe and Loewe 31). Their birthright to rule was unchallenged, even if their separate ambitions frequently led to diplomatic and military maneuvers against one another. Serving these lords were highranking ministers (qing and daifu), also hereditary elites. The options evident in rich assemblages of the late Spring and Autumn period were perpetuated during the early Warring States era. As it happens, there is now more evidence for casting in several regions surrounding the central plains, especially the north (states of Yan and Zhongshan), south (Chu and smaller states), and west (Qin), during this period than for the center (Davidson 465). The success of the Qin armies in 221 BCE marks a fundamental turning point in Chinese history. From that date forward China would normally be unified under one central regime. In periods when central rule was weakened, the ideal of a centralized state nonetheless remained potent. Even in periods of actual political

Planned Change Interventions And Human Process Interventions Management Essay

Planned Change Interventions And Human Process Interventions Management Essay Today, the OD field has grown increasingly strong over the past decade. Today, most authors define the term Intervention of organization development as planned aimed to help increasing organizational effectiveness (Worley Cummings, 2009; Frend Bell, 1990). According Swanson (, 2001, p.99) Intervention processes focuses on improving communication, problem solving, decision making and leadership. Besides that, he also found that intervention refers to a set of planned activities intended to help organization increase its effectiveness (Swanson, 2001, p.99). According to Worley Cummings (2009 ) there are four types of Interventions used in OD today , there are : Human process, Techno structural, Human Resources management and Strategic. Organisation Development of change is affected through individual, groups and organization. 1.1 Human process Interventions : According to Worley Cummings (2009, p. 156 ) Human process intervention derive mainly from the disciplines of psychology and social psychology and the applied fields of groups dynamic and human relations. Follow the theory of human process, DeSimone and Werner (2009 ,p. 498 ) defined that Human process- based interventions are directed at improving interpersonal, intragroup and intergroup relation . Human process includes the following numerous of step such as: Process consultation, third -party interventions, team building, organization confrontation meeting, intergroup relations interventions and large group intervention. OD programs focused more on interpersonal dynamics and social relation. The purpose of the change is to make the company achieve the full potential of productivity and profitability, to be able to solve its own problems. According to Neumann, Kellner, Shepherd (1997) human process interventions focus on improving communication, interaction and leadership, gain the skills and understanding to identify, resolve conflicts and solve problem through process consultation and Third- party intervention. Human Process Interventions also following team building interventions through helps the development of organizational success. Including team building knowledge to solve problems in the organization, team building help team members feel less pressure, devise solution to problem. Team buildings also need to trust and support members in order to help members more creative ideas to help complete the groups task, increase understanding, improvement and increased ability about interpersonal behavior. 1.2 Techno structural : On the other hand, Techno structural forced on organizations technology, structural, task method, and the work design in the organisation. Technological changes have been designed to make products or services more efficiently. This intervention aims to achieve a more appropriate structure and cost effective organization and address issues such as group activities, structural design, downsizing and reengineering. According to Jones, Heijden Bono (2008, p. 161) techno- structural usually consider a common platform when bringing about the required techno structural change. Human Process Interventions also on the payroll reduction through understanding of the organizations strategy such as reduce the incidence of costs through the organization by reducing costs, reducing the size and design of organizations, layoffs. And it also through reengineering intervention in order to have result in faster, more responsive task performance and control work process more effectively (Worley Cummings, 2009). Techno- Structural Changes also need to re-thinking and re-design of business processes to achieve performance. 1.3 Human resources Management and Strategic: As further analysis, the human resources Management and Strategic focus on integrated human resource practices and how they can be used to integrate the employees of both organizations. Human Resources Management used to develop support and help people in organisation (Worley Cummings ,2009). These practices include career planning, performance management, reward systems, job assignment, recruitment and retention, goal setting relate to dealing with human resource. According to Jones, Heijden Bono (2008, p.166) Strategic interventions in change situations tend to address the relationship between an organization and its environment. Intervention strategies of integration issues and implement strategic plans to achieve cross-organizational development through the encouragement of participation and it also issues across traditional strategic planning. Besides that, Intervention strategies of integrations bring about a fit between business strategies analysis, culture, and the larger environment. Hence, integrated Strategic change intervention and trans-organisational development intervention will work towards integrated strategic planning, action and tactical operations and in solving problems together to make this acquisition successful. 2: Implementing Change: 2.1. Approach to change: Approaches to Change is the process of introduces change management through the process help people understand their role of the change agent at individual and organisational levels. Approaches to change can affect behaviour to making happen at work and on organisational performance through influence processes, behaviour and interpersonal relationship. The four approaches are defined ( Harris,2006 ) as developmental transition, Task- focused transitions, Charismatic transformations and Turnarounds. All style of change applied for single leadership styles depend on the scale of change. By developmental transitions: used to growing market, product innovation and emphasis on market leader culture individual development, team skills. They point to changes in the organization continually aligning and adjusting itself to move in its environment. Their goals are voluntary commitment to shared vision of continuous improvement which the primary style of management is consultative ( Stace Dunphy , 2001 ). By task- focused transitions: they refer to have a strong direction for the top level of autonomous units in the implementation ( Harris,2006). According to Baker McKenzie (2009, p. 381 ) they refer to change in which there is a directive style of leadership at the top, with a more consultative approach lower down in the organisation. Their goals are try to conform to redefined job performance systems and beside that strength of this approach are clear focus on tasks- related issue, clear communication, clear roles, relentless approach to change ( Stace Dunphy , 2001 ). By charismatic transformation: they refer to the need radical change by charismatic leadership style and consultation management style who able to engage and minds of employees in new direction. By Turnarounds: refer to used of markets environment changes dramatically is now aligned with external environment ( Stace Dunphy , 2001 ).These are applicable to situation where a disjuncture exists between the organisation and its environment but there is little support be employees for the need for change and little time to engage them in a participative change style( Baker McKenzie, 2009, p. 381 ). In this situation, their goals are comply with radically redefined culture, goals and performance standards with need for a directive/coercive change style. 2.2 Type of leadership: a : Coaches: Leadership training describes a specific type of intervention that can be done strategic with individuals, groups or organization ( Orem, Binkert et al, 2007 ). According to Lee ( 2003 , p. 151) Leadership coaching has become a key to success to both individuals and organisations. Leadership coaching aims to promote progress by providing focus and awareness to help those who are trained to achieve fuller potential. For leadership coaching to be effective, there must be use of personal power and expertise and use role of modelling. This means that individuals who are coached to feel ensure that exchange with coach will be kept confidential and will not affect their jobs or their status in the organization. Leadership coaching should be regarded as an iterative process that people can evaluate the behaviour in their life, they have adjusted until they feel that it right. When done properly, leadership coaching is very active and contributes to the creativity and innovation in organiza tions. b : Captain: Captain leadership though process of directed interaction around main changes. Using the power of manager positions and strategies from top management. Captain leadership are also through communication and cultural renewal. Its aim to get staff behaviour in line with vision and use line managers for communication. Cultural renewal through retraining uses rational strategy and constant adjusting behaviour to match changing strategy ( Stace Dunphy , 2001). c. Charismatic: Most charismatic leader can get others to understand the vision or their goals through the use of symbolic interactive and use of personal charisma that people can understand. Charismatic note communication aim to get emotional commitment to the vision .Cultural renewal is radically different culture and values and creating participation with new role models. ( Stace Dunphy , 2001). d. Commander: Commander leadership behaviour is across the board directive action, use of personal power and sanction, beside that also infusion of new role modelling. Communication: its aim to get across organisation is in crisis, use of formal, authoritative communication. Cultural renewal used power coercive strategy, radical challenge to existing values and culture, and reforming new culture. ( Stace Dunphy , 2001). 3. Implementing Change Today, employees and manager can think about the develop way to improve the organisation cultural change, organisation design; built to changebut let these ideas are put into action. According to Daft (2010, p.433) Implementation is the most crucial part of the change process, but it is also the most difficult. Change strategies to understand and implement the activities of the organization, how to function in its environment, what the advantages and disadvantages are and how it will be affected by changes to them to plan the implementation of effective. This topic now will explain and analysis some of the key change strategies from thinking to frameworks for action, with what we will change and why we will change need to change to the how manager change it. From a study of implementing change currently, I have identified two general approaches to change strategies, which are cultural change and organisation design. Change is frequently disruptive and uncomfortable for manager as wel l as employees (Daft, 2010,p. 433). 3.1 Cultural change : According to Weiner Ronch (p.24 ) Implementing culture change involve moving an organization to some desires future state. A CEO or manager noticed a problem in the culture of an organization. This is a culture change towards the most ordinary way, from the top. First, force on the culture change is the diversity of todays workforce ( Daft, 2010,p. 431). His analysed that diversity is a fact of life for organizations today, and many are implementing new training, mentoring, methods, and diversity recruiting programs, new benefits respond a work force more diverse. However, if the basic culture of an organization that has not changed, all other efforts to support diversity will fail. However, culture change can be particularly difficult because it challengers peoples core values and established ways of thinking and doing things (Daft, 2010, p. 431). Hence, leadership from the top is the next turned to matching the strategy of culture change with the organizations top-down management style and it also driving cultural change. Cultural change is difficult but nevertheless it can still be achieved (Robbins, 1998 ). Miller (1998) showed that changing the culture of an organization requires strong motivation and a careful strategy because cultural change could cause disastrous results, including the collapse of the organization. Implementing successful cultural change is a big challenge, including time and effort. But, if the successful cultural change, organizations should look for innovation and ready to face with the challenges in the future. 3.2: Organisation design: Strategy implementation change involves the use of organizational design, the process of organizational design will allow an organization to improve employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance also improved as a competitive. In order for an organization that has successfully created the best choice is the design hierarchy, integration, control, and powers. The design organization is a business capability to identify changes in market and competitive adaptation. Benefits of strategic organizational design is to ensure correct information to put the right people at the right time, besides it also offers financial and performance monitoring strategies of the organization. Without a supporting culture, even the safety procedures are the best design will fail. But with the right combination between organizational change dynamics and strategies for change, the whole initiative will be a best service. 4: Institutionalisation of Planned Change: What the term Institutionalisation of planned change The term Institutionalisation of planned change is the processes that are designed to fix the changes in place so that the change becomes normal and people do not go back to their old ways (Worley Cummings ,2009 ). An institutionalisation is an important concept in process improvement if designed to fix changes in organisation. When referring to the common goal and generic practice descriptions, institutional means that the process is ingrained in how the work is done and is committed and consistent to make this process. Institutionalisation processes are likely to be retained and maintaining them of the organizations functioning for during a long time and stress. However, the implementation of this process may also need to change to ensure that it remains effective and reach their performances tasks. According to Kurtz (1999 , p.211 ) Institutionalization process of building the capacities of persons, institutions, communities, organizations and even nations to reflect a set of pr eferred visions, values, policies, principles and practices. Other author defined that The institutionalization processes are critical since they link directly with institutionalization outcomes, regardless of the change (Jacobs, p.184 ). 4.2 Institutionalization Process: Socialization: Socialization is the process of complex interactions the transmission of information about ideas and belief systems, institutions, norms, values with respect to the intervention and explains social life. For the better understand, according to Edles Appelrouth (2008, p.354 ) Socialization refers to the process by which individuals come to regard specific norms as binding. It necessarily involves a community in order to change program of organization. Socialization also seen as induction of new member to help bring new member onboard and allows participants to reaffirm belief systems, institutions, norms, values (Worley Cummings, 2009). Hence, through socialization, members can develop a sense and personal awareness and capacity for independent thought and action. Commitment : According to (Worley Cummings, 2009, p.206) Commitment should allow people to select the necessary behavors freely, explicitly and publicly . Throughout the pursuit of change, commitment should derive at all level of organisation and intervention includes initial commitment to the program as well as recommitment over time. Hence, manager should make it a top priority to prove their commitment to the transformation process. Reward allocation: This involves linking rewards to the new behaviours required by an intervention. (Worley Cummings, 2009, p.207 ). Reward management system can serve to attract potential candidates, retain valuable employees, motivate employees and support organizations in achieving human resources, organizational goals and get the competitive advantage. According to Stewart Donleavy ( 1995) identified reward allocation based on three aspects there are: Equity, Equality and Need. Equity and Equality is importance means of reward allocation, all individuals have rewarded equally, fairness and need to be seen to be equitable by employees. The third of reward allocation is need. In this term, can understand that the individuals focus on reward to reach the level of need, which mean that the greater the need, the higher the reward (Stewart Donleavy, 1995 ). Diffusion : The process of transferring interventions is from one system to the other systems. Facilitate the diffusion of intelligence institutions a wider base of organizations supporting new behaviors. Sending and calibration: This process through using feedback and provide information, desired intervention behaviours and talking correct action ( Worley Cummings, 2009). The organization is planning to facilitate organizational change to improve the performance of the organization and to achieve their goals and objectives more effectively through feedback, provide information to ensure that behaviours are in line with intervention. 5.0: Conclusion: In this report, based on research from a lot of author and based on their idea, we deeply understanding about planned change of organisation. The aim of change is planning and organizational changes related to the organization of work processes, develop the skills of staff in the change process .In order to successful, organizations need to improve the performance of the change plan. The most importance factor of organization need to change are culture change and organization design. Culture change and organization design are interrelationship with behaviours and share value. Changes need to be clear analysis of the current situation of the surveyed organizations about the structure, finance, staff skills, strengths and weaknesses must be listed and planning for change.

Modernism And Cinderella :: essays research papers

Research Writing Though there are many fairy tales that have been created through the years, Cinderella is into our subconscious by stimulating the part of us that sympathizes with the mistreatment of Cinderella. Others say that the theme of a down-and-out poor girl rising up to become rich and happy appeals to any normal person. This theme is the common bond between all the stories. Recently, however, modern versions of the tale have surfaced in an attempt to relate to modern audiences. In the textbook Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum the editors decide to take out a chapter entitled Fairy Tales: A Closer Look at Cinderella. This chapter includes the stories, The politically Correct Cinderella, A feminist View, and America's Cinderella. The changes were made because the content was outdated and not "true" Cinderella stories. In the politically correct version, the author makes a mockery of today's obsession with correct terminology. Every detail is explained so that no one is offended and pretty much makes a mockery of the story. The Politically Correct Cinderella is merely a satire on the left leaning views that our nation has been taking over the past decade. Excluding this version from the main stories was a good move by the editors because the politically correct issues that were so important years ago are losing steam today. The editors of the textbook also ousted the feminist orientated version. This feminist criticism was totally unnecessary because there were two of them. Having Pretty Woman: A Modern Cinderella as well as a segment on the feminist voice is totally redundant and unnecessary. Both segments give the reader what they need to know about femininity and its impact on literature. Karol Kelly in her Pretty Woman piece compares the Perrault version with the Pretty Woman story. She explains the changes that have occurred because of the women's movement especially the impact on information. We now have a lot more information that has led to societal changes. The feminist criticism that was omitted hit on several feminine issues in the actual variations of the Cinderella story. "The slipper, the central icon in the story, is a symbol of sexual bondage and imprisonment in a stereotype." The author then explains how this small slipper idea originates from the ancient Chinese act of foot-binding eventually leading to the mutilation of their foot. She hits on many other feminine aspects in the Cinderella stories.